Tag: Investment Strategies and Portfolio Management
Absolute Performance Evaluation
Absolute PPP Deviation
Absolute Return Strategies
Absolute Tracking Error
Absolute Wealth Distribution Index
Accruals
Acid-Test Ratio
Acquisitions
Active Ownership in Private Equity
Actual Deficit
Adaptive Carhart Model
Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH)
Adaptive RSI
Adjusted Annualized ROI
Adjusted EBIT
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted NAV
Adjusted NIM
Adjusted Present Value (APV)
Adjusted ROA
Adjusted ROCE
Adjusted ROE
Adjusted Trial Balance
Adjusting Journal Entries
Adoption Credit
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Stock
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Age-Weighted Profit Sharing Plans
Aged Receivables Report
Aggressive Investment Strategy
Algorithmic Trading
Allocative X-Efficiency
Alpha
Alpha Generation through Machine Learning
Altcoins
Alternative Beta Strategies
Amazon (AMZN) Stock
American Call Option
American Callable Swap
American Options
Amortizing Basis Swap
Amortizing Swap
Analyst Recommendation-Based Strategies
Anchoring Investment Strategy
Angel Investing
Annualized Cumulative ROI
Annualized ROI
Annuities
AOTC (American Opportunity Tax Credit)
Apple (AAPL) Stock
Applied Materials (AMAT) Stock
Arbitrage
Archer Aviation (ACHR) Stock
Art and Collectibles Tokenization
Asian Options
Asian Tigers
ASIC-Resistant PoW
Asset Allocation
Asset Backed Tokenization
Asset Based Valuation
Asset Liability Management
Asset Management
Asset Managers
Asset Turnover Ratio
Asset Velocity
Asset-Backed Securities (ABS)
Asset-Based Valuation
AST SpaceMobile (ASTS) Stock
Atomic Swaps
Attribution Analysis
Audit Committees
Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)
Authenticator Apps
Auto Loan ABS
Auto Loans
Automated Ledger
Automated Payroll Systems
Automated Trading Systems
AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)
Average Cost of Capital
Average Hourly Earnings
Back-End Ratio
Backdoor Roth IRA
Balance Sheet
Balanced Investment Strategy
Balanced Portfolio Strategy
Balanced Scorecard (BSC)
Balloon Amortizing Swap
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
Bank Loans and Syndicated Loans
Bank Reconciliation Statements
Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)
Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) Providers
Barbell Strategy
Barrier Options
Basic Interest Coverage Ratio
Basis Point
Basis Swap
Basket Commodity XTNs
Bearish Breakouts
Bearish Market
Behavioral Biases
Behavioral Investment Strategies
Behavioral Investment Theory
Behavioral Microstructure
Behavioral Portfolio Management
Behavioral Portfolio Optimization
Behavioral Portfolio Theory
BEL 20 Index
Bespoke Correlation Swaps
Binance
Biomass Production Tax Credit (PTC)
Bitcoin
Bitcoin ETFs
Blockchain Interoperability
Blockchain Interoperability Solutions
Blockchain Scalability Solutions
Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index
BNB
Board Composition
Board Diversity
Board Oversight
Board Seat Elections
Bollinger Bands
Bond Carry Trading Strategies
Bond Convexity
Bond ETFs
Book Value Debt-to-Capital Ratio
Borrowing and Lending
Bottom-Up Approach
Bovespa Index (IBOVESPA)
Break-Even Analysis
Breakout Trading
Brick-and-Mortar Sales
BRICS Nations
Bridge Loans
Broad M1
Broad Market Index Funds
Broad-Based ETCs
Broad-Based ETFs
BSE Sensex
Budget Surplus-Deficit
Budgeting and Budgetary Control
Built-In Inflation
Bullish Market
Bullish Trading Breakouts
Bump-Up CDs
Business Credit
Business Cycle Indicators
Business Loss Carryforward
Buy and Hold
Buy and Hold with Timing Adjustments
Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL)
Buyback Investing
Buyout
CAC 40 Index
Calendar-Based Rebalancing
Call Option
Callable Bonds
Callable Perpetual Bonds
Callable Swap
Calmar Ratio
Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA)
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
Capital Budgeting
Capital Expenditure Ratio
Capital Fund Management
Capital Loss Carryforward
Capital Market Assumptions
Capital Market Efficiency
Capital Market Line (CML)
Capital Preservation Strategy
Capital Preservation Techniques
Capital Structure
Capital Structure Arbitrage
Capped Forward Rate Agreements (FRA)
Cardano
Carhart Model
Carry Premium
Carvana (CVNA) Stock
Cash Accounts
Cash Balance Plan
Cash Conversion Cycle
Cash Dividends
Cash Flow Adjusted ROA
Cash Flow Break-Even Analysis
Cash Flow CLOs
Cash Flow Forecast
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
Cash Flow from Investing Activities
Cash Flow from Operations
Cash Flow Margin
Cash Flow Variability
Cash Flow-Based Indexing
Cash Ratio
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
Cash Reserves
Cash Settled Total Return Swaps (TRS)
Cash-Secured Calls
Cash-Secured Puts
Cash-Settled Forwards
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
Centralized Oracles
Centralized Staking
Certificates of Deposit (CDs)
Chainlink
Charitable Giving
Charitable Remainder Trusts
Chart Patterns
Child Tax Credit
China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
Classified Balance Sheet
Classified Statement of Financial Position
Client-Specific AUM
Closed Bridge Loans
Closed Wallets
Closed-End Funds
Cloud Mining
CMC100 Index
Coefficient of Determination
Coefficient of Variation
Cognitive Diversity
Coincident Indicators
Cointegration Method
Cold Wallets
Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs)
Collateralized Loan Obligations
Commercial Paper
Commodities
Commodity Correlation Swaps
Commodity Derivatives
Commodity Futures
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
Commodity Price Floors
Commodity Price Volatility Index
Commodity Speculation
Commodity Spot ETFs
Commodity Spot Rate
Commodity Swaps
Commodity Total Return Swaps
Commodity XTNs
Commodity-Based Spot ETPs
Commodity-Collateralized Stablecoins
Common Markets
Comparative Balance Sheet
Compensation Committees
Compliance Programs
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
Compound Annualized ROI
Conflict of Interest Policies
Consensus Mechanisms
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consortium DLT
Constant Implied Volatility
Consumer Confidence Index
Consumer Confidence Indicators
Consumer Credit
Consumer Debt Levels
Consumer Indicators
Consumer Spending Index
Contingent Convertible Bond (CoCo Bond)
Contrarian Investing
Convertible Arbitrage
Convertible Bonds
Convertible Preferred Stock
Core Satellite Investing
Corporate Alliances
Corporate Bond Issuance
Corporate Governance
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Corporate Social Responsibility in Investment
Corporate Valuation
Correlation Coefficient
Correlation Swaps
Cost of Capital
Coupon Rate
Covered Call Strategy
CRB Commodity Index
Credit Default Swaps (CDS)
Credit Linked Notes
Credit Rating Agencies
Credit Scoring Models
Credit Spread
Cross-Chain Transactions
Crowdfunding
Crowdsource Funding for Real Estate
Crowdsourced Due Diligence
Crypto Exchanges
Crypto Mining
Cryptocurrency Custodial Solutions
Cryptocurrency Market Regulation
Cryptocurrency Mining Pools
Cryptocurrency Regulations
Cryptographic Security Protocols
CSI A500 Index
Cumulative ROI
Currency Carry Trade
Currency Devaluation
Currency Pegging
Current Account Balance
Current Yield
Customer Acquisition Cost Ratio
DAOs (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations)
DAX Index
Day Count Convention
Day Trading
Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)
Debt Management
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
Debt to Income Ratio
Debt-to-Capital Ratio
Decentralized Autonomous Finance Models
Deep Value Investing
Defensive Investing
Deferred Compensation Plan
Depreciation Schedules
Derivative Market
Derivative Overlay Strategies
Derivatives
Digital Asset Custody
Digital Asset Valuation Framework
Digital Currency Exchange Models
Digital Transformation in Financial Services
Direct Indexing
Disability Tax Credit (DTC)
Discount Rate
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)
Distressed Debt Investing
Distressed Securities
Diversification
Diversified Income Streams
Divestitures
Dividend Capture Strategy
Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
Dividend Distribution
Dividend Futures
Dividend Growth Investing
Dividend Policy
Dividend Reinvestment
Dividend Reinvestment Plans (DRIP)
Dividend Yield
Dividends
DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology)
Dodd-Frank Act
Dogecoin
Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)
Domino's Pizza (DPZ) Stock
Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)
Dual-Class Shares
Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA)
Duration Matching
Dynamic Asset Allocation
Dynamic Hedging Strategies
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Earnings Surprise-Based Strategies
Earnings Yield
EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes)
EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization)
EBITDA Margin
Economic Calendar
Economic Growth Rate
Economic Moat Analysis
Economic Resilience Indicators
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Efficient Frontier
Embedded Finance
Emerging Markets Investing
Employee Retention Credit (ERC)
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)
Endowment Model Investing
Energy Consumption Index
Energy Use Index
Enhanced Indexing
Enterprise Value (EV)
Equal-Weight Investing
Equity Crowdfunding
Equity Derivatives
Equity Financing
ESG Bonds
ESG Metrics
ETCs (Exchange Traded Commodities)
ETF (Exchange-Traded Fund)
Ethereum
Ethical Conduct and Code of Ethics
ETNs (Exchange Traded Notes)
ETPs (Exchange Traded Products)
EURO STOXX 50 Index
European Central Bank (ECB)
European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)
EV (Electric Vehicle) Tax Credit
Event Driven Strategy
Excess Returns
Exchange-Traded Derivatives
Executive Compensation
Exotic Derivatives
Exotic Investment Vehicles
Exotic Options
Expense Reports
Exponential Smoothing
Export Diversification Index
Exports and Imports Growth Rate
Factor Investing
Factor-Based Risk Premium
Family Office Investment Strategies
Family Office Reporting Standards
Family Office Tax Strategies
FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
Federal Reserve (Fed)
Federated Chains
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)
Financial Crisis Simulation
Financial Forecasting
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)
Financial Instruments
Financial Literacy Programs
Financial Modeling
Financial Modernization Act
Financial Ratio Analysis
Financial Statement Analysis
Financial Technology Adoption
FinCEN (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network)
Fiscal Cliff
Fiscal Stimulus
Fixed Asset Register
Fixed Income Arbitrage
Floating Rate Notes
Floor Agreements
Floored Forward Rate Agreements (FRA)
Ford (F) Stock
Forecasting
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Foreign Exchange (Forex)
Foreign Exchange Reserves
Foreign Exchange Volatility
Forensic Accounting Techniques
Forward Guidance
Forward Rate Agreements (FRA)
Forward Rate Agreements with Options
Forwards Contract
Free Cash Flow (FCF)
FTSE 100 Index
Full Disclosure Principle
Fund of Funds (FoF)
Fund of Funds Managers
Fundamental Analysis Indicators
Fundamental Analysis-Based Investing
Fundamental Indexing
Futures Contract
GameStop (GME) Stock
GARP Investing
Gas Fees
Gearing Ratio
Gen X
Gen Z
Geographic-Specific Investing
Geopolitical Risk Analysis
Glass-Steagall Act
Global Economic Sentiment Index
Global Inflation Index
Global Macro Strategy
Global Supply Chain
Global Trade Dynamics
Global Value Chains (GVCs)
GMCI USA Select Index
Golden Parachutes
Gordon Growth Model
Governance Tokens
Government Bond Yields
Government Fiscal Deficit Ratio
Government Perpetual Bonds
Green Bonds
Green Financing Initiatives
Greenmail
Gross National Income
Growth Investing
Hang Seng Index
Hard Fork
Hedge Fund
Hedge Fund Management
Hedge Fund Managers
Hedging
High Dividend Yield Investing
High Yield Bond Spread
High-Frequency Trading
HODLing
Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)
Horizontal Analysis
Hostile Takeovers
Housing Starts
Hurdle Rate
Hybrid Investment Strategies
Hybrid PoW
ICO (Initial Coin Offering)
IDX Composite Index
IFC (International Finance Corporation)
Impact Investing
Impact Investing Measurement Tools
Impact Measurement Frameworks
Impact of Monetary Policy on Inflation
Implied Volatility
Income Bonds
Income Investing
Income Plus Strategy
Incremental Cost of Capital
Independent Directors
Index Amortizing Swap (IAS)
Index Fund
Index Fund Investing
Index Tracking Error
Industrial Production Index
Inflation Expectations
Inflation Expectations Index
Inflation Rate
Inflation Targeting
Inflation-Protected Securities
Initial Public Offering (IPO)
Insider Trading-Based Strategies
Institutional Asset Managers
Interest Coverage Ratio
Interest Rate
Interest Rate Caps
Interest Rate Parity (IRP)
Interest Rate Swap
Internal Controls
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO)
Intraday Price Volatility
Intuitive Machines (LUNR) Stock
Inventory Shrinkage Rate
Inventory Turnover Ratio
Inverse Commodity XTNs
Invesco QQQ Trust (QQQ) Stock
Investment Appraisal
Investment Company Act of 1940
Investment Horizon
Investment Tax Credit
Invoice Records
Iron Condor Strategy
Issuance of Equity
Japan Financial Services Agency (FSA)
Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI)
KULR Technology (KULR) Stock
Labor Force Participation Rate
Lagging Economic Indicators
Layer 2 Scaling Solutions
LCR (Liquidity Coverage Ratio)
Leading Economic Indicators
Leverage
Leveraged Buyouts (LBO)
Leveraged Commodity XTNs
Liability-Driven Investing
LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate)
Life-Cycle Investing
Lifetime Learning Credit
Liquidity Coverage Assessment
Liquidity Pool Management
Liquidity Ratio
Liquidity Risk Management
Liquidity Swap
Long-Only Strategies
Long-Short Equity
Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Strategies
Low Beta Investing
M1
M3 Money Supply
Machine Learning for Fraud Detection
Machine Learning-Based Investing
Managed Futures
Management Buyouts (MBOs)
Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)
Margin
Marginal Cost of Capital
Market Capitalization
Market Capitalization Trends
Market Depth
Market Microstructure
Market Neutral Strategy
Market Risk Premium
Market Sentiment Analysis
Market Sentiment Indicators
Market Timing Strategies
Market-Neutral Hedge Funds
Maximum Diversification Strategies
Memory-Hard PoW
Merger Arbitrage
Micro-Investing Platforms
MicroStrategy (MSTR) Stock
Millennials
Minimum Volatility Investing
Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI)
Modified Duration
Momentum Investing
Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS)
Money Market Instruments
Money Purchase Pension Plan
Money Supply Growth Rate
Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS)
Moving Averages
MSCI World Index
Multi-Asset Correlation Swaps
Multi-Chain Networks
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
Multi-Strategy Hedge Fund Investing
Multi-Strategy Investing
Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
Municipal Bonds
Mutual Fund
Nasdaq Composite Index
National Debt-to-GDP Ratio
National Futures Association (NFA)
Neobanks (Digital Banks)
Net Asset Value (NAV)
Net Foreign Investment
Net Interest Margin Analysis
Net Present Value (NPV)
Net Profit Margin
Net Worth
NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens)
Nifty 50
Nikkei 225 Index
Non-Financial Performance Metrics
Non-Operating Income
Non-Performing Loan Ratio
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation (NQDC) Plan
NPA (Non-Performing Assets)
NS&I Fixed Bonds
NS&I Green Savings Bonds
NSI (Nasdaq Crypto Index)
NVIDIA (NVDA) Stock
NYSE Composite Index
OECD
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)
Open Bridge Loans
Open Market Operations
Operating Adjusted ROA
Operating Cash Flow Ratio
Operating Leverage Ratio
Operational Due Diligence
Operational Efficiency Ratios
Operational Resilience Strategies
Options Contract
Options Overlay Strategies
Options Trading
Oracles in Blockchain
P2P (Peer-to-Peer) Exchanges
Pairs Trading
Palantir Technologies (PLTR) Stock
PancakeSwap
Pareto Principle
Patriot Act (Title III)
Payment Gateways
Peer-to-peer Lending (P2P Lending)
Pension Fund
Performance Evaluation
Perpetual Bonds
Personal Finance Management Apps
Pfizer (PFE) Stock
PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index)
Political Risk Assessment Models
Polygon (MATIC)
Portable Alpha Strategies
Portfolio Diversification Strategies
Portfolio Management
Portfolio Rebalancing
Portfolio Stress Testing
PoS (Proof of Stake)
Post-Earnings Announcement Drift (PEAD) Investing
PoW (Proof of Work)
Predictive Analytics in Finance
Preferred Equity
Prepaid Tuition Plans
Price Momentum
Price to Book Ratio (P/B Ratio)
Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio)
Price to Sales Ratio (P/S Ratio)
Price/Earnings to Growth (PEG) Ratio
Privacy Coins
Private Equity
Private Equity Secondary Market Investing
Private Market Liquidity Solutions
Private Market Strategies
Private Sector Credit Growth
Private Wealth Managers
Pro Forma Financial Statements
Production Tax Credit
Profit and Loss (PNL)
Profit Sharing Plan
Protective Put Strategy
Proxy Fight
Public Debt
Public Equity Impact Investing
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Purchasing Power Parity Deviation
Put Option
Put-Call Parity
Quality Investing
Quantitative Easing
Quantitative Investing
Quantitative Trading Strategies
Quantitative Value Strategies
Quanto Options
Quick Ratio
Real Disposable Income
Real Estate Investment
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
Real Estate Syndication
Real Estate Tokenization Models
Real Interest Rate
Real Options Investing
Rebalancing Strategy
Recapitalization
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
Relative Value Arbitrage
Remote Work Economy
Repurchase Agreements (Repos)
Research & Development (R&D) Tax Credit
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Residential Energy Efficient Property Credit
Retail Asset Managers
Retail Sales
Retirement Allocation Strategies
Return on Assets (ROA)
Return on Capital Employed
Return on Investment (ROI)
Reverse Repo
Rigetti Computing (RGTI) Stock
Rights Issues
Risk Mitigation Techniques
Risk Parity
Risk-Adjusted Return
Risk-Free Rate
Robo Advisors
Russell 2000 Index
RWA (Real World Assets) Tokenization in Crypto
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
Satoshi
Saver's Credit
Scenario Planning
Seasonality-Based Investing
Sector Investing
Sector Rotation
Sector-Specific Adjusted ROA
Sector-Specific Economic Indicators
Sector-Specific ETCs
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Securitization
Security Tokens
Segment Reporting
Semi-Strong Form Efficiency
Shanghai Composite Index (SSE Index)
Share Buyback
Shareholder Activism
Shareholder Rights
Shareholder Yield Investing
Shiba Inu
Short Selling
Small Cap Investing
Smart Asset Allocation Techniques
Smart Beta
Smart Contract Audits
Smart Contract Platforms
Smart Contract Security Protocols
Social Impact Bonds
Social Impact Measurement Frameworks
Social Security
Soft Fork
Sovereign Green Bonds
Speculation
Spin-Off Investing
Spin-Offs
Spot Bitcoin ETFs
Spot Bitcoin ETPs
Spot ETFs
Spot ETPs
Spot Rate
Spread Options
Spread Trading
Stakeholder Engagement
Staking
Standard Deviation
Statement of Changes in Equity
Statement of Financial Position
Statement of Retained Earnings
Statement of Shareholders' Equity
Statistical Arbitrage
Statistical Modeling
Statutory Reserve Ratio (SRR)
Stock Markets
Stock Splits
Stock Valuation
Straddle Options Strategy
Strategic Direction and Oversight
Strong Form Efficiency
Structured Notes
Subordinated Debt
Sukuk
Super Micro Computer (SMCI) Stock
Supply Chain Disruption
Supply Chain Financial Health
Sustainable Asset Allocation
Sustainable Bonds
Sustainable Business Practices
Sustainable Finance
Sustainable Growth Rate
Sustainable Investment Metrics
Swaps
Swing Trading
Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA)
Sybil Attacks
Synthetic ETCs
Synthetic Investment Strategies
Tactical Asset Allocation
Tactical Rebalancing Strategy
TAIEX Index
Tax Credit
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA)
Tax Loss Carryforward Strategies
Tax Loss Harvesting
Tax Strategies for High Net Worth Individuals
Tax-Efficient Investment Strategies
Technical Analysis Indicators
Technical Analysis-Based Investing
TED Spread
Tender Offers
Tesla (TSLA) Stock
The Big Mac Index
Tokenization
Tokenomics
Toncoin
TOT (Terms of Trade)
Total Cost of Ownership Analysis
Total Return
Total Return Swap Strategies
Trade Policy Impact Analysis
Trade Volume Analysis
Trade-Weighted Exchange Rate
Transaction Cost Economics
Transactional Cost Analysis
Transparency and Disclosure
Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
Treasury Bonds
Treasury Management
Trend Following Strategy
Treynor Ratio
Tron
Truth in Lending Act (TILA)
Turnaround Investing
U.S. Treasury Yield Curve
UGMA Custodial Account
Unclaimed IRS Stimulus Checks
Unconventional Investment Strategies
Unconventional Monetary Policies
Underlying Asset
Uniswap
Unsystematic Risk
UTMA Custodial Account
Value Averaging
Value Chain Financial Analysis
Value Investing
Value Momentum Investing
Vanilla Swap
Variance Analysis Reports
Vega
Velocity of Money
Venture Capital
Venture Debt
Vertical Analysis
VIX (Volatility Index)
Volatility Arbitrage
Volatility Drag
Volatility Swaps
Volatility Trading
Volcker Rule
Wallet Types
Weak Form Efficiency
Wealth Distribution Index
Wealth Inequality Metrics
Wealth Management Technology Trends
Wealth Preservation
Wealth Transfer Strategies
Web 3.0 Innovations
Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
Whistleblower Policies
Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index
Working Capital Management
Working Capital Turnover
Working Tax Credit
World Bank
World Trade Organization (WTO)
X-Dividend Date
X-Efficiency
XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)
XCCY Swap (Cross Currency Swap)
XRP
XTNs (Exchange-Traded Notes)
Yield Curve Inversion Analysis
Yield Farming
Yield Spread
Yield Spread Analysis
Yield to Maturity (YTM)
Yield to Worst
Zero-Based Budgeting
Zero-Beta Portfolio
Zero-Coupon Bond Valuation