Assets Under Management (AUM)

Assets Under Management (AUM) refers to the total market value of the investments that a financial institution or investment manager manages on behalf of clients. This figure includes all assets managed across various investment vehicles, such as mutual funds, hedge funds, pensions and separate accounts. AUM is a critical metric used to assess the size, influence and financial health of an investment firm, as well as its ability to attract and retain clients.

• Indicator of Firm Size: AUM is often used as a measure of the size and market presence of an investment firm. Larger AUM typically indicates a more established and successful firm.

• Revenue Potential: The AUM figure is directly related to the revenue potential of an investment firm, as management fees are usually calculated as a percentage of AUM.

• Client Confidence: A high AUM reflects client trust and confidence in the firm’s investment strategies, indicating the firm’s ability to attract and retain significant assets.

• Performance Tracking: AUM is a key metric for tracking the growth or decline of a firm’s assets over time, providing insights into the effectiveness of its investment strategies and client relations.

• Managed Accounts: These include individual or institutional client accounts where the investment manager has full discretion to make investment decisions on behalf of the client.

• Mutual Funds and ETFs: AUM includes the total assets in mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) managed by the firm, reflecting the combined value of all securities held in these portfolios.

• Pension Funds: Pension funds managed by the firm contribute to its total AUM, often representing a significant portion of the firm’s assets.

• Hedge Funds: Hedge funds, known for their aggressive investment strategies, also contribute to AUM, often with higher management fees due to their complex nature.

• Firm-Wide AUM: This represents the total assets managed by an entire investment firm, across all its products and services.

• Fund-Specific AUM: This refers to the assets managed within a specific fund, such as a mutual fund or ETF, allowing investors to assess the popularity and performance of individual funds.

• Client-Specific AUM: For wealth management firms, client-specific AUM reflects the total assets managed on behalf of a single client, indicating the level of personalized service provided.

Assets Under Management (AUM) represents the total market value of all the investments that a financial institution or individual manages on behalf of clients. Calculating AUM involves several key steps:

1. Market Value of Assets: Start by determining the current market value of all managed assets, including stocks, bonds, real estate and other investments.

2. Add Client Deposits: Include any new investments or deposits made by clients during the calculation period.

3. Subtract Withdrawals: Deduct any withdrawals or redemptions made by clients.

4. Adjust for Performance: Factor in the gains or losses from the investment performance during the period.

1. Starting AUM: $100 million

2. New Client Deposits: $5 million

3. Client Withdrawals: $2 million

4. Investment Performance: Assume a 5% gain

[ Adjusted AUM = $100 million x 1.05 + $5 million - $2 million = $108 million ]

• Sustainable Investing: With the rise of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) factors, firms are increasingly managing assets in funds that focus on sustainable and ethical investing, influencing the composition and growth of AUM.

• Technology Integration: The use of advanced technology and data analytics is enabling firms to manage larger volumes of assets more efficiently, driving AUM growth through improved decision-making and client engagement.

• Robo-Advisors: The emergence of robo-advisors, which use AI to manage investment portfolios, is contributing to AUM growth, particularly among younger, tech-savvy investors.

• Global Diversification: Investment firms are expanding their AUM by offering global diversification strategies, allowing clients to invest in international markets and access a broader range of assets.

Data Source: Boston Consulting Group Global Asset Management Report 2023

Explanation:

The global distribution of AUM shows that North America holds the majority share at 54%, primarily due to the presence of large asset management firms and a substantial investor base. Europe follows with 31%, while the Asia-Pacific region is growing, holding 12% of global AUM, driven by emerging markets and increasing wealth.

Data Source: Investment Company Institute Fact Book 2023

Explanation:

Mutual funds remain the dominant investment vehicle, holding 62% of global AUM due to their accessibility and variety. ETFs have grown to 11%, reflecting investors’ preference for low-cost, passive investment options. Pension funds account for 17%, highlighting the importance of retirement planning in asset management. Hedge funds and private equity together make up 10% of the global AUM, catering to more sophisticated investors seeking alternative strategies.

• Fee Structures: Investment firms typically charge management fees based on a percentage of AUM, incentivizing them to grow their assets while aligning their interests with those of their clients.

• Performance Benchmarking: Firms often benchmark their performance against AUM growth, using it as a key performance indicator to measure success and guide strategic decisions.

• Marketing and Client Acquisition: A high AUM is often used as a marketing tool to attract new clients, showcasing the firm’s capability and success in managing large volumes of assets.

• Risk Management: Firms use AUM to assess risk exposure across their portfolios, ensuring that they maintain a balanced and diversified approach to managing client assets.

• BlackRock: As one of the largest asset management firms in the world, BlackRock’s AUM exceeds $9 trillion, reflecting its dominant position in the global investment industry.

• Vanguard: Vanguard, known for its low-cost index funds, manages over $7 trillion in assets, making it one of the most significant players in the passive investing space.

• Fidelity Investments: Fidelity manages trillions of dollars across its mutual funds, ETFs and wealth management services, with a strong focus on individual retirement accounts (IRAs).

Data Sources:

• BlackRock Annual Reports (2010-2023)
• Vanguard Group Reports (2010-2023)
• Fidelity Investments News Releases (2010-2023)

Explanation:

This table illustrates the growth trajectory of AUM for BlackRock, Vanguard, and Fidelity Investments from 2010 to 2023. BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager, shows consistent growth, reaching an AUM of approximately $10 trillion in 2023. Vanguard’s AUM has significantly increased due to the popularity of its low-cost index funds and ETFs, reaching about $8 trillion. Fidelity Investments also demonstrates steady growth, managing around $4.5 trillion by 2023.

Data Source: BlackRock Q2 2023 Earnings Report

Explanation:

BlackRock’s AUM is diversified across various asset classes. Equity investments make up the largest portion at 42%, reflecting a strong emphasis on stock portfolios. Fixed income securities account for 28%, providing stable income streams. Multi-asset classes and alternative investments, including real estate and hedge funds, comprise 15% and 10% respectively. Cash management services represent the remaining 5%.

Data Calculated Based on Annual Reports (2010-2023)

Explanation:

The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) highlights the average annual growth of AUM over a specified period. Vanguard leads with a 14% CAGR, showcasing rapid growth fueled by the rise in passive investing and index funds. BlackRock’s 9% CAGR reflects its strategic acquisitions and expansion into various investment services. Fidelity’s 7% CAGR indicates steady growth in its mutual fund and brokerage services.

• Market Performance: Fluctuations in the market affect the value of investments under management, directly impacting AUM.

• Client Flows: Net inflows (new investments minus withdrawals) can increase AUM, while net outflows decrease it.

• Investment Strategy: The performance of the investment strategy implemented by the managers also plays a crucial role in the growth or reduction of AUM.

• Inclusions: Typically includes assets in both discretionary and non-discretionary accounts.

• Frequency: Often calculated quarterly or annually for accurate reporting and fee assessment.

Understanding AUM helps evaluate the size, performance and growth of an investment management firm, impacting client confidence and fee structures.

Assets Under Management (AUM) is a crucial metric that reflects the size, strength and growth potential of an investment firm. As trends in sustainable investing, technology integration and global diversification continue to evolve, AUM remains a central focus for firms aiming to enhance their market presence and deliver superior client outcomes. Understanding the components, types and strategies related to AUM is essential for evaluating the capabilities and success of financial institutions.